Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus 2027 PDF Download & Detailed Topics

The Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus 2027 PDF is the most important resource for candidates preparing for the Biology stream of KPSC Scientific Officer recruitment under the Kerala Police Service - Forensic Science Laboratory. The detailed syllabus covers Botany and Zoology, along with areas such as Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Genetics, Immunology, Animal Physiology, Developmental Biology and Human Genetics.

Get the Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology syllabus PDF download link, complete module-wise topics, marks distribution and practical preparation guidance for aspirants targeting the upcoming Kerala PSC recruitment.

Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus 2027 PDF Download

The available detailed Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus 2027 PDF is divided into two major parts:

• Part I - Botany: 50 Marks
• Part II - Zoology: 50 Marks

The Botany section contains nine modules, while the Zoology section contains seven modules.

Candidates searching for Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology syllabus PDF, KPSC Scientific Officer Biology syllabus PDF download or Scientific Officer Biology syllabus Kerala PSC should use the official Kerala PSC syllabus as their primary reference.

Click Here for Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus 2027 PDF Download

Note that the detailed syllabus available now is for Scientific Officer (Biology) in Kerala Police Service (Forensic Science Laboratory), Category No. 634/2023. Candidates are advised to prepare using this until the official Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Notification 2027 and syllabus is released.

Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus: Exam Structure

The detailed Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus is divided equally between Botany and Zoology.

Detailed Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology Syllabus

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER (Biology) IN KERALA POLICE SERVICE (FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY)

(Total Marks – 100) 

PART I : BOTANY (50 Marks) 

Module I: Taxonomy, Morphology of Angiosperms and Economic Botany – 2 Marks

This module covers the fundamentals and modern developments of plant taxonomy.

Important topics

• Basic concepts of systematics
• Importance and applications of systematics
• Theories of biological classification
• Taxonomic characters
• Five-kingdom classification
• Species concept
• Anatomy and palynology
• Modern taxonomic trends
• Chemotaxonomy
• Cytotaxonomy
• Molecular taxonomy
• Cladistics
• Numerical taxonomy
• DNA barcoding techniques

Module II: Research Methodology and Biostatistics – 6 Marks

Research methodology and biostatistics form an important part of the Biology syllabus, particularly for candidates preparing for scientific and analytical roles.

Research Methodology

Topics include:

• Knowledge, information and data
• Science and pseudoscience
• Life Science: definition, laws and characteristics
• Scientific temper
• Empiricism and rationalism
• Units of measurement
• Types of research
• Descriptive and analytical research
• Applied and fundamental research
• Quantitative and qualitative research
• Conceptual and empirical research
• Scientific method
• Research process
• Research formulation
• Observation and facts
• Prediction and explanation
• Induction and deduction
• Null and alternate hypotheses
• Hypothesis testing
• Research design
• Principles and features of good research design
• Development of research plans
• Exploration, description, diagnosis and experimentation
• Experimental and sample designs
• Data collection techniques
• Scientific documentation and communication
• Primary and secondary sources of information
• Intellectual Property Rights
• Copyright, patents, trademarks and geographical indications
• Laboratory safety and precautions
• ISO standards and laboratory protocols
• Laboratory animal use, care and welfare
• Radiation hazards
• Extension communication

Biostatistics

The biostatistics portion includes:

• Data and variables
• Types and sources of data
• Population and sample
• Sampling methods
• Random, cluster, stratified and geographical sampling
• Sampling errors and bias
• Organisation of data
• Editing, classification and tabulation
• Frequency distribution
• Tables and visual aids
• Graphs, charts, diagrams and flow charts
• Cartographs
• Parametric and non-parametric statistical tools
• Bivariate and multivariate analysis
• Interpretation and forecasting
• Mean, median and mode
• Range
• Quartile deviation
• Mean deviation
• Standard deviation
• Correlation
• Regression
• Probability analysis
• Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions
• Chi-square test
• Student's t-test
• F-test
• One-way ANOVA

Module III: Biophysics and Instrumentation – 5 Marks

This module focuses on scientific instruments, laboratory techniques and analytical methods relevant to biological sciences.

Important topics

• Diffusion and osmosis
• Kinetics of diffusion
• Biological significance
• Electrochemical gradient
• Light and dark-field microscopy
• Phase-contrast microscopy
• Differential interference contrast microscopy
• Confocal microscopy
• Electron microscopy
• TEM and SEM
• Scanning tunnelling microscopy
• Atomic force microscopy
• Polarizing microscope
• Fluorescence microscope
• Camera lucida
• Paper chromatography
• Thin-layer chromatography
• Ion-exchange chromatography
• Gel permeation chromatography
• Affinity chromatography
• Gas chromatography
• HPLC
• Electrophoresis
• PAGE
• SDS and non-SDS electrophoresis
• Agarose gel electrophoresis
• Disc electrophoresis
• High-voltage electrophoresis
• Immunoelectrophoresis
• Isoelectric focusing
• Colorimetry
• Spectrophotometry
• UV and visible spectrophotometry
• X-ray diffraction crystallography
• Flame emission spectroscopy
• Atomic absorption spectroscopy
• NMR spectroscopy
• Circular dichroism spectroscopy
• ESR spectroscopy
• Mass spectroscopy
• Centrifugation
• Analytical and preparative centrifugation
• Differential and density-gradient centrifugation
• Radioisotope detection and measurement
• Dosimetry
• Ionization chamber
• GM counter
• Scintillation counters
• Autoradiography
• Nanosensors and nanomedicines
• Radioimmunoassay
• ELISA
• pH meter
• Specimen preparation for TEM and SEM
• Shadow casting
• Freeze fracturing
• Freeze etching
• Negative staining
• Microphotography
• Biosafety cabinet
• Autoclave
• Automatic DNA extraction system
• Sequencer
• PCR and its types

Module IV: Biochemistry and Plant Physiology – 8 Marks

This is one of the broader Botany modules and combines biochemical fundamentals with plant physiological processes.

Biochemistry

Major areas include:

• Carbohydrates and their classification
• Structures of glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose and ribose
• Structural and stereoisomerism
• Epimers, anomers and enantiomers
• Mutarotation
• Biological roles of monosaccharides
• Maltose, sucrose, lactose, trehalose and cellobiose
• Homopolysaccharides
• Cellulose, starch, glycogen, inulin and chitin
• Heteropolysaccharides
• Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, keratan sulphate, heparin and agar-agar
• Amino acids and their classification
• Amphoteric properties
• pK values and isoelectric point
• Peptide bonds and peptides
• Protein structure
• Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures
• Protein domains, motifs and folds
• Ramachandran plot
• Biological roles of proteins
• Lipids and their classification
• Prostaglandins
• Fatty acids and essential fatty acids
• Nucleic acids
• DNA and tRNA structure
• Enzyme classification
• Enzyme-substrate complex
• Michaelis-Menten theory
• Fischer's template theory
• Koshland's induced-fit theory
• Enzyme kinetics
• Km and Vmax
• Lineweaver-Burk equation
• Enzyme inhibition
• Vitamins and coenzymes

Metabolism and Plant Physiology

• Glycolysis
• Citric acid cycle
• Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
• Electron transport system
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Gluconeogenesis
• Glycogenesis
• Glycogenolysis
• Pentose phosphate pathway
• Uronic acid pathway
• Amino acid metabolism
• Transamination, decarboxylation and deamination
• Lipid metabolism
• Fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis
• Cholesterol biosynthesis
• Nucleic acid metabolism
• Purine and pyrimidine metabolism
• Nitrogen metabolism in plants
• Photosynthesis
• C3, C4 and CAM pathways
• Photorespiration
• Plant respiration
• Growth and development
• Phytohormones
• Photoperiodism
• Vernalization
• Florigens
• Stress physiology
• Heat shock proteins
• Seed germination and associated physiological and biochemical changes

Module V: Cell Biology and Molecular Biology – 8 Marks

This module covers cellular organisation, molecular processes and regulation of gene expression.

Cell Biology

Important areas include:

• Cellular membranes
• Plasma membrane structure and chemistry
• Membrane functions
• Diffusion and osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport
• Bulk transport
• Nucleus and nuclear membrane
• Membrane potentials
• Ion channels
• Cell adhesion and extracellular matrix
• Laminin, collagen, proteoglycan and fibronectin
• Integrins
• Focal adhesion and hemidesmosomes
• Selectins, immunoglobulins and cadherins
• Adherens junctions
• Desmosomes
• Tight and gap junctions
• Plasmodesmata
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi complex
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes
• Chloroplasts
• Peroxisomes and glyoxysomes
• Chromatin and chromosome organisation
• Euchromatin and heterochromatin
• Chromosomal changes
• Aneuploidy and euploidy
• Chromosomal aberrations
• Gene mutations
• Gene families
• Extrachromosomal inheritance
• Cell signalling
• Receptors and second messengers
• GPCR, RTK and JAK-STAT pathways
• Cell cycle
• Mitosis and meiosis
• Cell-cycle checkpoints
• Apoptosis
• Cancer biology

Molecular Biology

The molecular biology portion includes:

• DNA replication
• Okazaki fragments
• Replication origin and fork
• DNA replication enzymes
• Telomerase
• DNA replication models
• Restriction enzymes
• DNA modification
• DNA repair mechanisms
• Transcription
• Promoters, enhancers and silencers
• Transcription factors
• RNA polymerases
• RNA processing
• Genetic code
• Wobble hypothesis
• Ribosome structure and function
• Translation
• Translational proofreading
• Translational inhibitors
• Post-translational modification
• Regulation of gene expression
• Operons
• Eukaryotic genome organisation
• Repetitive DNA
• Interrupted genes
• Exons and introns
• Gene families
• Globin genes
• Pseudogenes
• Transposable genetic elements
• DNA recombination
• Microbial genetics
• Bacterial gene transfer
• Organelle genomes

Module VI: Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology – 6 Marks

This module focuses on modern biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and biological databases.

Biotechnology

Topics include:

• Recombinant DNA technology
• Cloning and expression vectors
• Plasmids
• Ti and Ri plasmids
• Cosmids
• Phasmids and phagemids
• Bacteriophages
• Viral vectors
• BAC and YAC vectors
• Restriction and DNA-modifying enzymes
• PCR and applications
• Chromosome walking and jumping
• DNA fingerprinting
• Molecular markers
• SNP, VNTR, RAPD, RFLP and SSR
• FISH and GISH
• DNA sequencing
• Sanger sequencing
• Automated DNA sequencing
• Site-directed mutagenesis
• Molecular chimeras
• Gene isolation
• Genome and cDNA libraries
• Gene transfer
• Blue-white screening
• Colony hybridisation
• Reporter genes
• Fusion proteins
• Southern, Northern and Western blotting
• Dot blot
• DNA fingerprinting

Plant Biotechnology

• Plant tissue culture
• Direct and indirect regeneration
• Somatic cell genetics
• Somatic variation
• Somatic embryogenesis
• Artificial seeds
• Protoplast culture
• Somatic hybridisation
• Haploid production
• Anther and ovule culture

Environmental Biotechnology and Bioinformatics

• Intellectual Property Rights
• Biosafety and bioethics
• Patents, trademarks and copyright
• Indian Patent Act
• GMOs
• Biosafety guidelines
• Bioethics
• Genetic testing and screening
• Biological databases
• Sequence databases
• Structural databases
• Proteomics and genomics
• NCBI, EBI, EMBL, GenBank, DDBJ, SwissProt and PDB
• BLAST
• CLUSTAL-X and CLUSTAL-W
• Phylip
• GENSCAN
• Transcriptomics
• Metabolomics
• Pharmacogenomics
• Drug discovery platforms
• Computer applications in biology
• Biostatistical packages
• Numerical taxonomy
• Internet-based biology resources
• Online publications and electronic journals

Module VII: Genetics – 8 Marks

The Genetics module covers classical genetics, chromosome organisation, genetic mapping, epigenetics and population genetics.

Important topics

• Mendelian principles
• Allelic variation
• Incomplete dominance
• Codominance
• Gene action
• Penetrance and expressivity
• Epistasis
• Pleiotropy
• Genomic imprinting
• Phenocopy
• Molecular organisation of chromosomes
• Sex determination
• Sex linkage
• Sex-limited and sex-influenced characters
• Genome size and C-value paradox
• Nucleosome model
• Euchromatin and heterochromatin
• Repetitive sequences
• Cot and Cot curves
• Minisatellites and microsatellites
• Centromeres and telomeres
• Polytene and lampbrush chromosomes
• Chromosome banding
• Gene fine structure
• Genetic code
• DNA double-helix forms
• Gene synthesis
• Genetic linkage
• Chromosome mapping
• Crossing over
• Gene conversion
• Two-point and three-point test crosses
• Coincidence and interference
• Tetrad analysis
• Mitotic recombination
• Phage genetics
• Bacterial mapping
• Operon concepts
• Epigenetics
• Histone-code hypothesis
• Gene silencing
• Quantitative genetics
• Polygenic inheritance
• Quantitative traits
• Natural selection
• Phenotypic plasticity

Module VIII: Microbiology, Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation – 6 Marks

This module combines microbiology with environmental science, ecology and conservation.

Microbiology

• Bacterial cell walls
• Peptidoglycan
• Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
• Gram staining
• Pili and fimbriae
• Capsules and slime layers
• Flagella and motility
• Microbial nutrition
• Culture media
• Microbial growth
• Growth curves
• Continuous culture
• Measurement of microbial growth
• Microbial diseases
• Viral and bacterial diseases
• Control of microorganisms
• Disinfectants
• Antibiotics
• Drug resistance
• Microbial fermentation
• Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation
• Environmental microbiology
• Drinking-water analysis
• Microbial bioremediation

Ecology and Environmental Biology

• Ecosystem monitoring
• GIS
• Remote sensing
• GPS
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Ecosystem modelling
• Environmental pollution
• Solid-waste management
• E-waste
• Sewage and liquid wastes
• Bioremediation
• Phytoremediation
• Bioaugmentation
• Biofilms
• Biofilters
• Bioscrubbers
• Trickling filters
• Green technology
• Sustainable development
• Ecological footprint
• Carbon footprint
• Carbon credits
• Ecotaxes
• Global climate change
• Evidence of climate change
• Toxicology
• Heavy-metal toxicity

Biodiversity Conservation

• Biogeography
• Conservation principles
• Environmental management
• UN conventions and protocols
• Climate-change mitigation and adaptation
• UNFCCC and IPCC
• Indian environmental and conservation laws
• Wildlife Protection Act
• Forest Conservation Act
• Air and Water Pollution Acts
• Conservation organisations and NGOs

Module IX: Recent Development in Botany – 1 Mark

The ninth Botany module is Recent Development in Botany, carrying 1 mark.

Candidates should therefore keep track of developments relevant to Botany while revising the core syllabus.

PART II : Zoology - (50 Marks) 

Module I: Animal Diversity and Evolution – 5 Marks

This module covers animal classification, diversity and evolutionary biology.

Animal Diversity

Topics include:

• Lower metazoans
• Porifera
• Cnidaria and polymorphism
• Ctenophora
• Acoelomata
• Placozoa
• Mesozoa
• Pseudocoelomata
• Echinoderms
• Hemichordates
• Chordates
• Cephalochordates and Urochordates
• Vertebrate phylogeny
• Agnatha
• Ostracoderms
• Gnathostomes
• Placoderms
• Acanthodians
• Chondrichthyes
• Osteichthyes
• Adaptations of fishes
• Tetrapod phylogeny
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals
• Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria
• Mammalian orders
• Scientific and common names of organisms

Evolution

• First cell
• Evolution of prokaryotes
• Origin of eukaryotic cells
• Genome evolution
• Geological timescale
• Anthropocene
• Evolutionary time-scale estimation
• Mass extinction
• Fossils and fossilisation
• Population genetics
• Gene pool and gene frequency
• Hardy-Weinberg law
• Natural selection
• Migration
• Random genetic drift
• Founder effect
• Cytogenetic and molecular basis of human evolution

Module II: Biophysics – 3 Marks

The Zoology Biophysics module includes:

• Microarrays
• Proteomics
• Drug design
• Systems biology
• Metabolomics
• Gene networks
• Synthetic biology
• Radiation biophysics
• Ionising radiation
• Units of radioactivity
• Radiation exposure and dose
• Interaction of radiation with biological molecules
• Cellular effects of radiation
• Somatic and genetic effects
• Radiation dosimetry
• Radioactive isotopes
• Autoradiography
• Cerenkov radiation
• Liquid scintillation
• Flow cytometry
• Fluorescence

Module III: Animal Physiology – 12 Marks

Major areas include:

Nutrition and Excretion

• Normal diet and nutritional requirements
• Calorie value of food
• Antioxidant nutrients
• Gastrointestinal movements
• Digestion and absorption
• Energy balance and obesity
• BMR
• Excretory organs
• Mammalian kidney
• Nephron
• Urine formation
• Water balance
• Counter-current mechanism
• Acid-base and electrolyte balance
• Renal clearance

Respiratory System

• Respiratory organs
• Pulmonary ventilation
• Alveolar ventilation
• Dead space
• Surfactant
• Pulmonary volumes and capacities
• Gas exchange
• Oxygen dissociation curve
• Haemoglobin and oxygen binding
• Regulation of respiration

Nervous System and Special Senses

• Human brain organisation
• Cerebral cortex
• Functional cortical areas
• Brain stem and cerebellum
• Diencephalon
• Limbic system
• Reticular formation
• Meninges
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Blood-brain barrier
• Neurological disorders
• Memory
• Peripheral and autonomic nervous systems
• Spinal cord
• Reflexes
• Vision
• Retina and photoreceptors
• Visual pathways
• Taste
• Smell
• Tactile responses
• Electrophysiology and colour vision

Cardiovascular, Muscular and Endocrine Physiology

• Heart structure and function
• Cardiac cycle
• Blood pressure
• Coronary blood flow
• Ischemic heart disease
• Lymphatic system
• Muscle physiology
• Muscle contraction
• Muscle proteins
• Endocrine system
• Hormone synthesis and action
• Hormonal disorders
• Reproductive physiology
• Gametogenesis
• Reproductive cycles
• Implantation, pregnancy and lactation
• Thermoregulation
• Environmental physiology

Module IV: Immunology – 10 Marks

Important topics

• Hematopoiesis
• Lymphoid and myeloid lineages
• Hematopoietic growth factors
• B and T lymphocytes
• Antigen-presenting cells
• Antigens
• Immunogenicity and antigenicity
• Adjuvants
• Haptens
• Epitopes
• Immunoglobulins
• Antibody structure and function
• Antibody diversity
• Immunoglobulin genes
• Isotype, allotype and idiotype
• B-cell receptor
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Hybridoma technology
• Clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies
• Antibody engineering
• Antigen-antibody interactions
• Affinity and avidity
• Cross-reactivity
• Precipitation reactions
• Humoral and cellular immunity
• T-cell receptor
• Cytokines
• Cytokine antagonists
• Toll-like receptors
• Complement system
• Classical, alternative and lectin pathways
• MHC
• Antigen processing and presentation
• Transplantation immunology
• Graft rejection
• Immunosuppressive therapy
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Type I, II, III and IV hypersensitivity
• Vaccines
• Active and passive immunisation
• Recombinant vector vaccines
• DNA vaccines
• Synthetic peptide vaccines
• Multivalent vaccines

Module V: Animal Biotechnology – 8 Marks

Major topics

• Mammalian cell and tissue culture
• Primary culture
• Cell separation
• Growth media
• Serum and serum-free media
• Characterisation of cultured cells
• Cell viability and cytotoxicity
• Animal cell culture scale-up
• Cell synchronisation
• Cell transformation
• Organ and histotypic culture
• Tissue engineering
• Biomaterials
• Contamination and contamination control
• Cryopreservation
• Cryogenics
• Transfection methods
• Electroporation
• Lipofection
• Microinjection
• Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer
• Somatic cell nuclear transfer
• Reproductive and therapeutic cloning
• Gene knockout and knock-in technologies
• Transgenic animals
• Stem-cell culture
• Stem-cell types and applications
• DNA vaccines
• Diagnostic probes
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Genetic disorder detection
• Therapeutic proteins
• Gene therapy
• RNAi
• Drug targeting
• Biosensors
• Biochips
• Industrial biotechnology
• Agricultural biotechnology
• Fermentation
• Enzyme engineering
• Probiotics
• Transgenic plants
• Biofertilisers
• Biocontrol agents
• Biopesticides and bioinsecticides

Module VI: Developmental Biology and Human Genetics – 10 Marks

Developmental Biology – 8 Marks

Important topics include:

• Basic concepts of development
• Cell fate
• Potency
• Determination and differentiation
• Commitment and specification
• Genomic equivalence
• Cytoplasmic determinants
• Morphogenetic gradients
• Stem-cell concepts
• Progenitor and adult stem cells
• Mesenchymal stem cells
• Pluripotent embryonic stem cells
• Induction and competence
• Cell fate and lineages
• Gametogenesis
• Spermatogenesis
• Oogenesis
• Gamete ultrastructure
• Sperm-egg recognition
• Fertilisation
• Capacitation
• Acrosome reaction
• Prevention of polyspermy
• Cleavage and blastula formation
• Gastrulation
• Neural induction
• Morphogenetic signalling
• Hedgehog, Wnt, TGF and BMP pathways
• RTK and Smad pathways
• Differential gene transcription
• DNA methylation
• Genomic imprinting
• Dosage compensation
• RNA processing
• Teratogenesis
• Malformations
• Teratogenic agents
• Infertility
• IVF and embryo transfer
• Cloning experiments

Human Genetics – 2 Marks

• Karyotype
• Pedigree analysis
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Autosomal and sex-chromosomal disorders
• Lod score
• Complex traits
• Quantitative and threshold traits
• Human genome and mapping
• ABO, Rh and MN blood groups
• Bombay blood group
• Genetic counselling
• Syndromes caused by chromosomal abnormalities

Module VII: Recent Development in Zoology – 2 Marks

The final Zoology module is Recent Development in Zoology, carrying 2 marks. Candidates should therefore include relevant recent developments in Zoology in their final revision along with the core subject areas.

Read More at:

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• Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Physics Syllabus 2027 PDF Download & Detailed Topics

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FAQs on Kerala PSC Scientific Officer 2027

What is the syllabus of Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology?

The Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology syllabus is divided into Botany and Zoology, with 50 marks for each section. Botany covers areas such as taxonomy, biostatistics, biophysics, biochemistry, plant physiology, molecular biology, biotechnology, genetics, microbiology and ecology. Zoology includes animal diversity, biophysics, animal physiology, immunology, animal biotechnology, developmental biology and human genetics.

How many marks is the Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology syllabus?

The detailed Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Syllabus for Biology is for 100 marks, comprising 50 marks in Botany and 50 marks in Zoology.

Which Zoology topic has the highest marks in the Scientific Officer Biology syllabus?

Animal Physiology carries the highest individual module weightage in the detailed Zoology syllabus, with 12 marks.

Is the Kerala PSC Scientific Officer Biology syllabus only based on the listed topics?

The detailed syllabus states that questions may also come from other topics prescribed for the educational qualification of the post. It also notes that there is no undertaking that all listed topics will necessarily be covered in the question paper.